沈冰山现场讲解他作为盲人的绘画技法
Bingshan Shen explain his painting techniques who as a blind

中国文化人物主编  王保胜/摄影报道



《思》 68x133cm   沈冰山作
"Thinking” 68x133cm was painted by Bingshan Shen



《五虾图》 68x133cm   沈冰山作
"Picture of Five shrimps" the 68x133cm was painted by Bingshan Shen



《微笑》 69x138cm   沈冰山作
“Smile” was painted by Bingshan Shen



《猫》 70x70cm   沈冰山作
"Cats " 70x70cm was painted by Bingshan Shen



《荷魂》 200x200cm   沈冰山作
“The soul of lotus "200x200cm was painted by Bingshan Shen



《荷花》 200x200cm   沈冰山作
"Lotus" 200x200cm was painted by Bingshan Shen



沈冰山失明后，曾向他的老师沈庆生学棋局，他曾一举夺得诏安县象棋赛冠军，此后多次在省市级象棋比赛中战胜明眼人夺冠
Bingshan Shen once learned chess game from his teacher Qingsheng Shen and had won the chess champion of Zhaoan County, and since then he has prevailed against those person that with good eyes in the provincial and municipal chess games for many times.
 

      中国文化人物（主编 王保胜）文化创新首先要有敢与世人一争高下的气概。中华民族是一个不屈不挠的民族，优秀传统文化凝聚着中华民族自强不息的精神追求。深受中国传统文化熏陶的沈冰山面对厄运，面对永久的黑暗，没有自艾自怨，更没有自暴自弃，而是开始了与命运的抗争。
      盲人的眼前都是一片漆黑，画家却是要用眼睛来感知外面的世界，在这基础上构思想象，然后在宣纸上挥毫泼墨作画，画出自己的想法。这些对于盲人来说无异于痴人说梦。
      而双目失明的沈冰山却将这不可能变成现实。
      Cultural innovation must first have the spirit to compete with the world. The Chinese nation is an indomitable people, and its excellent traditional cultural is condensed with spiritual pursuit of the Chinese nation. Facing misfortune and permanent darkness, Shen Bingshan, nurtured by the Chinese traditional culture, is not self-hatred and does not give up, but begins to struggle with fate.
      World in the blind’s eyes is dark. However, painters need to use their eyes to perceive the outside world. On this basis, they constitute ideas and imagination, and then paint their ideas on the paper. All these are almost nonsense for the blind people.
      However, blind Shen Bingshan turns this impossibility Into reality.
      触摸万物：这是沈冰山重新开始认识事物的第一步，也是他重开始作画的起点。
      沈冰山在双目失明前的视觉积累并未给他留下足够的绘画素材。因此，他以独特的方式去接近自然、理解自然，靠手的触摸补充完善心中的形象。
      有一天，沈冰山蹲在卖虾的摊边，一只一只地摸着对虾的结构，事后他高兴地说:“齐白石家不在沿海，他所画的虾是五节的河虾，而海虾有七节，我要画七节的海虾。” “虾的须，眼睛，身体，脚……每个部位都要在脑子里。”沈冰山小的时候，没少在村里的小溪里与鱼虾嬉戏，如今却只能靠“摸”，让它们的样子“长”在心里。
      在大海边上，只见一只鸭子被他握在手中，他将鸭子从头到尾的抚摸了几遍之后，随手拿起一只小木棍就在沙地上画了起来。一会，一只栩栩如生的小鸭子就出现在沙地上。
      在路边，沈冰山将宽大的芭蕉叶捧在手里，贴在脸上，用心灵和大自然交流，用心去感受它们的一点一滴。
      “每当他重新去碰触一个同样的物体的时候，每次他都会有一种全新的感受。这就像是明眼人去外面写生，因为每次的心情不一样，所以每次表现出来的东西不一样。”这是沈冰山用双手触摸代替眼睛来感知大自然后的心得体会。
      就靠着触摸，沈冰山听懂了荷塘的倾诉，明白了鱼虾的鲜活，并熟记在心后，面对宣纸尽情泼墨！三五分钟，一幅大写意的作品便一挥而就。“好！”每次作画结束，沈冰山都会大喝一声“好”，给自己鼓励也给自己喝彩。若不是亲见，谁能相信那大气磅礴的笔触竟出自一位双目全盲的老者？
      “艺事惟心不须目，无目有心万事成”
      这是著名画家程十发看到他的画后题的词。意思是沈冰山虽然没有视觉，但他是在用心来做画。
      Touch everything: It is the first step for Shen Bingshan to understand things again, and is also the starting point for him to paint again.
      The visual accumulation of Shen Bingshan before being blind has not left enough material of painting for him. Therefore, he uses a unique way to close to and to understand the nature, to supplement the image in his heart through touching.
      One day, Shen Bingshan squatted besides a stall that sells shrimp, and touched the structure of shrimp one by one. He said afterwards happily that: “The home of Qi Baishi is not coastal. And the shrimp he painted has five joints, while the euphansia has seven joints. I would love to paint euphansia that has seven joints.” “The whiskers, eyes, body, feet  each part is on his mind.” When Shen Bingshan was young, he often played with fishes and shrimps in the river of the village, but now he could only let their appearance “grow” in his heart through “touching”.
      At the edge of the sea, he holds a duck in his hand, and touches it from head to the tail for several times, and then picks up a stick and draw in the sand. For a while, a vivid little duck is in the sand.
      On the roadside, Shen Bingshan holds a large banana leaf in his hand, attaching to his face, to communicate with mind and nature, and to feel them bit by bit through heart.
      Shen Bingshan said that: “Every time when he re-touches the same object, he will have a whole new feeling. This is like a normal person to paint outside. Things that reflect are different each time because of different mood. “These are the feelings and experiences of Shen Bingshan after perceiving the nature through both hands instead of eyes.
      To rely on touching, Shen Bingshan understands the talk of the Lily Pond, the fresh of the fish, by remembering in heart, he enjoys painting on the paper. Three or five minutes later, an impressionistic work is ready. “Good!” at the end of each painting, Shen Bingshan would say “Good”, to give himself encouragement and cheers. If it were seen by eyes, who can believe that the majestic strokes is from a binocular blind old man?
      “Art only needs heart not eyes, and everything could be achieved by having heart.”
      This is a famous sentence that famous painter Cheng Shifa has said after seeing Shen Bingshan’s paintings. The meaning is that although Shen Bingshan has no visual sense, he could paint by using his heart.
      聆听精品：为了提高理论素养，沈冰山请来懂绘画艺术的亲朋或好友给他讲解名画，并从中吸取历代名家画册、书籍的精华和特色技艺。
      著名书画评论家丁羲元曾和沈冰山共同探讨吴昌硕的画风。沈冰山侃侃而谈，称“吴昌硕的枇杷很硬，颗颗如弹丸；他的藤很老，颜色很亮。”丁羲元谓其神交意会，所言皆妙！
      中国指墨画家沈克川多年潜心研究书画，他对沈冰山的盲眼书画有着自己独到的看法：真正地画出中国画的特点，又要区别于别人。因为看不见，所以他要创造出一套他自己独特的东西。
      Listen to the boutique: to improve his theoretical knowledge, Shen Bingshan invites relatives and friends that have a good knowledge of famous paintings to explain famous paintings for him, and absorbs the essence and characteristic skills of famous picture albums and books from it.
      The famous painting commenter Ding Xiyuan has once discussed the painting style of Wu Changshuo together. Shen Bingshan spoke with fervor and assurance, saying that “The loquat painted by Wu Changshuo is very hard, like pills; the vine he painted by him is very old, with bright colors.” Ding Xiyuan said that what he had said is of good sense and wonderful.
      Chinese ink painter Shen Kechuan has been studying calligraphy and paintings for many years, and he has an unique view over Shen Bingshan’s paintings: he has really drawn the characteristics of Chinese painting, but also different from the others. Because he is blind, he wants to create his own unique things.
      棋局定位：著名画家董希源说：“沈先生在作画时，是将宣纸想象成一个棋盘，那棋盘上有横竖九条线。因为他在构图的时候，他要知道从第几条线的位置落笔，从哪条线的位置结束，整个构图有多大。因为看不到，沈先生在作画时，通常是一笔下来，没有修改的余地。这和我们明人眼作画是很大不同的，我们要是看哪里没画好，就会自然而然的去修改一下，添上一两笔。但盲人做不到这点。所以沈先生在下笔之前对于所要表现的内容早已了然于胸。”
      著名美术评论家陈传席教授谈及观看沈冰山作画后的感想时说：我曾见过先生作画的全过程：他走到画案前，助手把纸铺好，他用手摸索着墨、水、色各放在何处，然后用手摸纸，上中下大概位置，心中已有数，然后沾墨，调水，然后迅速落墨于纸，浓淡干湿，层次分明。需要赋色，或者需要补画的，他都用手量好，然后再赋色补画，基本不差。他的笔墨苍劲清润，色彩沉着雅致。最难得格调高古，神韵生动。墨色的内在变化，微妙而深刻。这和有目无目无关。所关乎者人的精神状态，人的品格高低，以及对中国艺术的理解。所画之物，笔墨、色彩与其神遇而迹化。见于纸上者，乃是人的精神，学识和功力的显现。古人云：“非画也，乃道也。”
      因此赞叹其画：笔墨不俗，格调高逸，十分难得。
      Chess positioning: famous painter Dong Xiyuan says: when Mr. Chen is painting, he imagines the paper as a chessboard, on which there are nine lines crossing the chessboard. When painting, he needs to know the exact line to start, and which line to end with, and how big the whole composition is. Because he is blind, when painting, there is no place for correction after completion. This is different from painting by people who are not blind. If we feel that somewhere is not good enough, we would correct it naturally by adding something. However, people who are blind could not make it. So, before the beginning of painting, content to be performed has long been in Mr. Shen’s heart.
      Chen Chuanxi, a professor, and a famous art critic, said when talking about the paintings of Shen Bingshan: I had seen before about Mr. Shen’s painting process: he went to the front of painting board, and the assistant paved the paper, he touched the ink, water, colors about their location, and then touched the paper to know the exact location, he knew well. He made his brush wet with ink, transfer water, and painted on the paper quickly with clear concentration, light, dry and wet. Places that need to be colored or complemented, he uses his hand to measure it, and then complete basically. His painting is moist and vigorous, with calm and elegant colors, and has the most rare and Style in vivid charm. The inner changes in the ink color are subtle and profound. There is no difference in blind or not. It is related to the spiritual state of the people, the level of their characters, and their understanding of Chinese art. Things in the painting are tracked by the ink, colors and encountering. Things on the painting are reflection of the human spirit, knowledge and skills. The old saying: “It is not painting, but Taoism.”
Chen Chuanxi admires his paintings: impressive ink, Manhattan style, very rare.
      以少胜多：董希源以画鹤为例，将一般的画法与沈冰山的鹤进行对比，发现沈冰山从鹤嘴到鹤眼，再到鹤身都是一笔连贯而成。虽没有画出一些细节部分，羽毛、指甲、鹤爪等。但这种一气呵成，没有停笔修饰的画法，明显与明眼人画家不同。沈冰山在下笔前就已经构思好了。画鸭子沈冰山也是一笔来完成的。
      “我是以少少子胜多多子，能少一笔就少一笔。”沈冰山解释道。
      著名画家董寿平见到画后，他蒙住自己的双眼写道：盲人能书画，而甚空灵，有奇气，可服。
      现在，沈冰山的写意中国画日臻成熟，形成了线条简洁，笔墨淋漓的风格。他的构图，更多受了象棋牌局的影响，线条则吸收了音乐的抑扬顿挫。因而，他的画神韵十足。
      Use the few to defeat the many: Dong Xiyuan takes painting crane as an example, and makes a contrast between general painting and Shen Bingshan’s crane. He finds that crane in Shen Bingshan’s painting is in a continuity form from its mouth to eyes, with no modification. Although there is no details, feathers, nails, crane claw etc, this coherent and no modification of painting is significantly different between people and the blind. Shen Bingshan is prepared well before starting to paint. Shen Bingshan uses one continuous line to finish the painting of duck.
      “I use less to win more, take as few strokes as possible.” Shen Bingshan explained.
      When famous painter Dong Shouping saw the painting, he covered his eyes and wrote: the blind could do calligraphy and paintings, and even ethereal, with outstanding style, can be admired.
      Now, Shen Bingshan’s freehand painting is becoming matured, forms clean lines and dripping ink style. His composition is more influenced by the Board of chess, and its lines absorb the cadence of the music. Thus, his painting is full of charm.
      以心作画：盲人作画离不开助手的帮助。关于这一点，福建省青年美术家协会主席、著名青年画家董希源对沈冰山的书画研究多年，对盲人作画有着深刻的了解。他介绍：沈先生画完一笔后，这个笔离开以后，要去再接下一笔他就要找位置，所以就需要助手来帮他找这个位置。
      一天，沈冰山突然有了一种强烈的创作冲动，他很想自己能够真正用毛笔在宣纸上作画。因此，他带着自己的几幅字来到了福州董希源家。
      “当时的心里真的很紧张，因为之前练习都是用小木棍，或者是手指，可以很自如的由自己控制。但这毛笔是那么软的，又要沾上墨，我又看不到，所以很害怕一笔下去结果不是自己想象的那样。因此心里是非常不安的。”
      在董希源的建议和帮助下，沈冰山开始在旧报纸上练习画荷花。但是，画过几十份的旧报纸后，沈冰山的荷花还是一团糟糕，远没有达到他希望的样子。
       沈冰山并没有气馁，更没有被困难吓倒，他告诉自己：“你一定能行，因为你就是那个将‘填补中国美术史上没有盲人画家空白’的那个人。”他让董希源给自己买来宣纸，他要直接在宣纸上作画，这样才更准确的知道自己的不足在哪里。沈冰山的作画技艺有了前所未有的突飞猛进。他通过先画枝杆后画花朵的顺序，解决了因下笔重，宣纸在大面积墨浸的状态下易破的问题。除了画荷花，他还画鹤，画鸭子，画葫芦。他画的鸭子也极具特点。
      最终，在福州董希源家十多天里，经过无数次研习后，沈冰山终于画出《荷花图》等4幅作品。这些作品展出后，倍受称赞。
      Paint with heart: the blind can not paint without the help of assistants. On this point, Dong Xiyuan described that: after Mr. Shen finished a stroke, and the pen leaves the painting, he needed to find the place of next stroke, so he needed an assistant to help him find this position.
      Chairman of the Fujian Young Artists Association, the famous young painter Dong Xiyuan has been studying the calligraphy and painting of Shen Bingshan for many years, and has a profound understanding of the blind’s paintings.
      One day, Shen Bingshan suddenly had a strong creative impulse, he wanted be able to paint on the paper with a brush. Therefore, he came to the house of Dong Xiyuan with several pieces of paintings.
      “I was really quite nervous at that time, because in the past I practice with a small stick or a finger, in which way I could control freely. But this brush is so soft, and should be stained with Ink, I can no see, so I am afraid of the results that I have painted is out of my imagination. Thus, I was quite disturbing. “
      With the advice and assistance of Dong Xiyuan, Shen Bingshan began to practice painting Lotus on old newspapers. However, after painting on dozens of copies of old newspapers, the Lotus was still in mess, far more than what he had imagined.
      Shen Bingshan was neither discouraged nor intimidated by the difficulties, he told himself: “You can do it, because you’re the one who would ‘fill the bank that there is no blind painter in Chinese art history’.” He asked Dongxi Yuan to buy him papers, and he wanted to paint on rice paper directly, so that it would be more accurate for him to know where the inadequacies lied. The painting skills of Shen Bingshan had leaped and broke unprecedentedly. He painted in the order that draw came first and flowers later, solving the problem that the rice paper would break under large area of ink because of heavy painting. In addition to lotus, he also painted ducks and gourds. Ducks in his painting were also greatly featured.
       Finally, in the Fuzhou house of Dong Xiyuan, through numerous studying and practice for more than ten days, Shen Bingshan finally drew four works like “Picture of Lotus”. And these works were much appreciated when on display.

  （责编：张彦、刘升）